Yoga en Gezondheid

Wat is yoga ?

Yoga is een beoefening die mentale concentratie, gecontroleerde ademhaling en lichaamsbewegingen combineert om ontspanning van lichaam en geest te bevorderen. Daarom kan het bijdragen aan de beheersing van pijn, stress, angst, depressie en algehele gezondheid. Mind-body praktijken omvatten ook meditatie, hypnose, geleid dagdromen, yoga en tai chi.Een mind-body praktijk is een vorm van geneeskunde die wordt beschouwd als complementair en alternatief. Ook bekend als de mind-body benadering.

Yoga in de gezondheidszorg

OORZAAK VAN OVERLIJDEN - WERELDWIJD
NIET-OVERDRAAGBARE ZIEKTEN 70%

Niet-overdraagbare ziekten zijn wereldwijd verantwoordelijk voor 70% van de sterfgevallen. Bijgevolg zijn ze de belangrijkste oorzaak van morbiditeit en mortaliteit in Europa. Gezondheidszorgsystemen moeten de zelfzorg en het genezend vermogen van patiënten versterken. De opname van complementaire therapeutische benaderingen, zoals yoga, kan gunstig zijn voor patiënten.

1 Bron: WHO
2 Morbiditeit : Het aantal personen dat door een ziekte wordt getroffen in een bepaalde populatie gedurende een bepaalde periode (Larousse woordenboek).

De voordelen van yoga voor de gezondheid

Yoga is een geest-lichaamspraktijk gebaseerd op fysieke houdingen (asanas), ademhalingsoefeningen (pranayama), diepe ontspanning en meditatie. Al deze technieken bevorderen het welzijn door de negatieve effecten van fysieke en mentale stress te verminderen. Het helpt bijvoorbeeld bij het ontwikkelen van individuele acceptatie en bewustzijn door het bevorderen van een gezonde levensstijl en een positieve houding.

Bibliotheek

De YIH bibliotheek verzamelt wetenschappelijke publicaties over yoga voor de gezondheid. De vermeende fysieke en mentale voordelen van yoga zijn de belangrijkste motivaties om een yogales te volgen (1). Daarnaast toont het meest recente wetenschappelijke bewijs aan dat de beoefening van yoga een breed scala aan gezondheidsproblemen kan verbeteren en zijn er theorieën voorgesteld over het neurofysiologische mechanisme dat ten grondslag ligt aan de werking van yoga (2). Ondanks de toename in publicaties over yoga als therapeutische interventie (3) en de bemoedigende resultaten van de heterogene effecten van yoga, hebben sommige onderzoeken echter te lijden onder een slechte methodologische kwaliteit of niet-optimale criteria. YIH promoot enerzijds evidence-based practice voor yogadocenten en yogatherapeuten en anderzijds een introductie in yoga onderzoek voor medisch en paramedisch personeel (4). Om deze reden probeert YIH het wetenschappelijk bewijs over yoga toegankelijk en begrijpelijk te maken. Praktisch gezien worden sommige artikelen die beschikbaar zijn in de bibliotheek aangevuld met een overzicht met daarin de beperkingen, de sterke punten van het onderzoek en de boodschappen die moeten worden onthouden. Wanneer het interessant wordt geacht, wordt er ook een samenvatting van het artikel gegeven, inclusief de methodologie, analyse en conclusies. Het doel is om de lezer te helpen bij het interpreteren en kritisch evalueren van de onderzoeksliteratuur, zodat hij of zij de relevantie ervan kan begrijpen en deze kan overbrengen aan de begunstigden, patiënten of beleidsmakers in de gezondheidszorg. (4).

WAT VIND JE IN DE BIBLIOTHEEK ?

YIH verzamelt en publiceert referenties en/of volledige teksten van primaire literatuur (originele onderzoeksartikelen gepubliceerd in peer-reviewed tijdschriften) en secundaire literatuur (systematische reviews en meta-analyses) over yoga voor gezondheid en yoga als een volksgezondheidsinterventie. Referenties uit de tertiaire literatuur zijn ook beschikbaar, maar niet becommentarieerd (boeken, richtlijnen, standpunten, etc.). De overzichten en samenvattingen van de onderzoeken zijn geschreven en peer-reviewed door YIH leden en medewerkers met een achtergrond in wetenschappelijk onderzoek.

(1) Ipsos Public Affairs. (2016). 2016 Yoga in america study. Retrieved from https://www.yogaalliance.org/2016YogaInAmericaStudy.(2) Sullivan MB, Erb M, Schmalzl L, Moonaz S, Noggle Taylor J, Porges SW. Yoga Therapy and Polyvagal Theory: The Convergence of Traditional Wisdom and Contemporary Neuroscience for Self-Regulation and Resilience. Front Hum Neurosci [Internet]. 2018;12(February):1–15.(3) Jeter PE, Slutsky J, Singh N, Khalsa SBS. Yoga as a Therapeutic Intervention : 2015;21(10):586–92. (4) Moonaz S, Jeter P, Schmalzl L. The importance of research literacy for yoga therapists. Int J Yoga Therap. 2017;27(1):131–3.

TitleAuthorsYearSourceType of documentKeywordsYIH overviewsFull article
The Effectiveness of Yoga for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Pavan F, Yadav SS, Costantino A, Dell'Era A, Mastroianni M, Buoli M.2025Compr PhysiolSystematic reviewComplementary therapy, Irritable bowel Syndrome, Systematic review, Yoga.Available DOI: 10.1002/cph4.70061
Reduced Anxiety and Depression and Improved Mood in Older Adults Living in Care Homes After Participating in Chair YogaFrampton, K, Oppedijk, L, Hadley, R, & Annett, LE2024Journal of Applied GerontologyPreliminary studyYoga, Care home, Older adults, Anxiety, Depression, DementiaNot available DOI: 10.1177/07334648241241298
Use of Complementary Health Approaches Overall and for Pain Management by US AdultsNahin RL, Rhee A, Stussman B2024JAMASurveyYoga, Complementary health approches, Pain Management, AdultsAvailable DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.26775
Get fit where you sit: a guide to the Lakshmi Voelker chair yoga methodVoelker, Lakshmi 2023Shambhala Press PublicationsBookChair yoga, Accessible yoga, Not available Source
Effect of Yoga on Frailty in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.Loewenthal J, Innes KE, Mitzner M, Mita C, Orkaby AR2023Annals of Internal MedicineSystematic reviewYoga, Mind-body practice, Physical health, Psychological health, Frailty, Older adultsAvailable DOI: 10.7326/M22-2553
Recommending yoga for health: A survey of perceptions among healthcare practitioners in the UKSmit C, Cartwright T2023Complement Ther Clin PractSurveyCOM-B model, Healthcare practitioners, Perceptions, Yoga for healthAvailable DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101765
Le yoga, nouvel esprit du capitalismeFahsi Z2023Éditions TextuelBookYoga, Capitalism, Society, Self-developmentNot availableSource
Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of HypertensionCharchar FJ, Prestes PR, Mills C, Ching SM, Neupane D, Marques FZ, Sharman JE, Vogt L, Burrell LM, Korostovtseva L, Zec M, Patil M, Schultz MG, Wallen MP, Renna NF, Islam SMS, Hiremath S, Gyeltshen T, Chia YC, Gupta A, Schutte AE, Klein B, Borghi C, Browning CJ, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Lee HY, Itoh H, Miura K, Brunström M, Campbell NRC, Akinnibossun OA, Veerabhadrappa P, Wainford RD, Kruger R, Thomas SA, Komori T, Ralapanawa U, Cornelissen VA, Kapil V, Li Y, Zhang Y, Jafar TH, Khan N, Williams B, Stergiou G, Tomaszewski M2023
Journal of hypertensionPosition paperBlood pressure, hypertension, lifestyle, holistic approach, nutrition, exercise, mindfulness, yoga, cardiovascular diseaseAvailableDOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003563
We Know Yoga Works, but Why? Mechanisms behind the practices' effectsSchmalzl L, Sullivan M2022International journal of yoga therapyArticleYoga therapy, Polyvagal theory, Self-regulation, Resilience, Vagus nerve, Interoception, Stress response, Allostatic loadNot availableSource
Heart rate variability and slow-paced breathing: when coherence meets resonanceSevoz-Couche C, Laborde S.2022Neuroscience & Biobehavioral ReviewsClinical reasearchBaroreflex, Cardiac coherence, Deep breathing, Parasympathetic nervous system, Resonance, Slow-paced respiration, Thoracic breathing, Vagus nerveAvailable DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104576
Yoga an effective strategy for self-management of stress-related problems and wellbeing during COVID19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study.Sahni PS, Singh K, Sharma N, Garg R2021PLoS OneCross-sectional studyYoga, Covid-19, Stress, Anxiety, Mental health, DepressionAvailableDOI: e0245214
Yoga and Low Back Pain: No Fool's ToolChang DG, Kertesz SG2021Annals of internal medicineArticleYoga, Low back pain, Physical activityNot available DOI: 10.7326/M17-1263
A systematic review of yoga interventions for helping health professionals and students.Ciezar-Andersen SD, Hayden KA, King-Shier KM2021Complementary Therapies in MedicineSystematic reviewHealthcare professional students, Healthcare professionals, Mental health, Physical health, Systematic review, Yoga.Not available DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102704
Yoga, Physical Therapy, and Back Pain Education for Sleep Quality in Low-Income Racially Diverse Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: a Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Roseen EJ, Gerlovin H, Femia A, Cho J, Bertisch S, Redline S, Sherman KJ, Saper R2020Journal of general internal medicineAnalysis, Randomized controlled trialYoga, Low back pain, Chronic pain, Physical therapy, Education, SleepNot available DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05329-4
Yoga practice in the UK: A cross-sectional survey of motivation, health benefits and behavioursCartwright T, Mason H, Porter A, Pilkington K2020BMJ OpenScientific studyYoga, Physical health, Mental health, UK, WellbeingNot availableDOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031848
Effect of yoga intervention on biochemical, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among subjects with type 2 diabetes in South India: Results from the SATYAM projectViswanathan V, Sivakumar S, Sai Prathiba A, Devarajan A, George L, Kumpatla S2020Diabetes research and clinical practiceScientific studyBiochemical, Inflammatory markers, Oxidative stress, Sleep quality Type 2 Diabetes, YogaNot available DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108644
Exploring perceived benefits, motives, barriers, and recommendations for prescribing yoga exercises as a nonpharmacological intervention for patients with epilepsy: A qualitative study from PalestineShawahna R, Abdelhaq I2020Epilepsy & behavior : E&BScientific studyYoga, Epilepsy, Interpretive description, Interview, Qualitative analysisNot available DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107041
The effect of yoga practice on glycemic control and other health parameters in the prediabetic state: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Ramamoorthi R, Gahreman D, Skinner T, Moss S2019PLoS OneSystematic review, Meta-analysis, Randomized controlled trialBlood pressure, Blood sugar, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profiles, CholesterolNot availableDOI: e0221067
Comparative evaluation of group-based mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavioural therapy for the treatment and management of chronic pain: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Khoo EL, Small R, Cheng W, Hatchard T, Glynn B, Rice DB, Skidmore B, Kenny S, Hutton B, Poulin PA2019Evidence-based mental healthSystematic review, Meta-analysis, Randomized controlled trialChronic pain, CBT, Mindfulness, StressNot availableDOI: 10.1136/ebmental-2018-300062
Yoga for Treating Headaches: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysisAnheyer D, Klose P, Lauche R, Saha FJ, Cramer H2019Journal of general internal medicineSystematic review, Meta-analysisYoga, Complementary and alternative medicine, Migraine, HeadachesNot availableDOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05413-9
Mindfulness Training and Yoga for the Management of Chronic Non-malignant Pain: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness.Lachance CC, McCormack S2019Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in HealthReviewYoga, Chronic pain, Complementary and alternative medicine, Mindfulness, Clinical-effectiveness, Cost-effectivenessNot availablePMID: 31725209
A Cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the effects of a mindfulness meditation mobile application platform on reducing stress and anxiety.Duraimani SL2019International journal of yogaScientific studyAnxiety, Mindfulness, Mobile application, StressNot availableDOI: 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_56_18
Physical and physiological effects of yoga for an underserved population with chronic low back pain.Colgrove YM, Gravino-Dunn NS, Dinyer SC, Sis EA, Heier AC, Sharma NK2019International journal of yogaPilot studyYoga, Brain imaging, Chronic pain, Low back pain, Core strength, Flexibility, Tumor necrosis factor-αNot availableDOI: 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_78_18
Yoga4Health on social prescription: a mixed methods evaluationCartwright T, Richards R, Edwards A, Cheshire A2019Project reportYoga, Social prescribing, Mental health, Physical health, WellbeingNot availableSource
The Use of Yoga to Manage Stress and Burnout in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic ReviewCocchiara RA, Peruzzo M, Mannocci A, Ottolenghi L, Villari P, Polimeni A, Guerra F, La Torre G2019Journal of clinical medicineSystematic reviewYoga, Burnout, Healthcare workers, Occupational health, Occupational medicine, StressNot available DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030284
Yoga in primary health care: A quasi-experimental study to access the effects on quality of life and psychological distressPonte SB, Lino C, Tavares B, Amaral B, Bettencourt AL, Nunes T, Silva C, Mota-Vieira L2019Complementary therapies in clinical practiceScientific studyAnxiety, Complementary and alternative medicine, Depression, Primary care, Quality of lifeNot available DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.10.012
Physical activity offsets genetic risk for incident depression assessed via electronic health records in a biobank cohort studyChoi KW, Zheutlin AB, Karlson RA, Wang MJ, Dunn EC, Stein MB, Karlson EW, Smoller JW2019Depress AnxietyCohort studyDepression, Physical activity, Polygenic risk, Genetic vulnerabilityNot available DOI: 10.1002/da.22967
Yoga Kernels: A Public Health Model for Developing and Disseminating Evidence-Based Yoga PracticesSmith BH, Lyons MD, Esat G2019International journal of yoga therapyPublic health modelEvidence-based practices, Public health intervention, YogaAvailable DOI: 10.17761/2019-00024
The impact of yoga in medically underserved populations: A mixed-methods studyMoscoso DI, Goese D, Van Hyfte GJ, Mayer Z, Cain L, Kobiernicki F, Cano-Garcia A, Unzueta C, Ormaza LT, Jones K2019Complementary therapies in medicineScientific studyHealth services research, Interprofessional practice, Medically underserved population, Pain, Stress, YogaNot available DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.02.005
Yogic Breathing and Mindfulness as Stress Coping Mediate Positive Health Outcomes of YogaTellhed U, Daukantait_ D, Maddux RE, Svensson T, Melander O2019MindfulnessScientific studyYoga, Stress, Mindfulness, Breathing, Health
Not available DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01225-4
The Use of Yoga to Manage Stress and Burnout in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review.Cocchiara RA, Peruzzo M, Mannocci A, Ottolenghi L, Villari P, Polimeni A, Guerra F, La Torre G2019Journal of clinical medicineSystematic reviewHealthcare workers, Stress, Stress management, Burnout, Yoga, Occupational medicine, Occupational healthNot available DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030284
Differences in Brain Structure and Function Among Yoga Practitioners and Controls.Gothe NP, Hayes JM, Temali C, Damoiseaux JS2018Frontiers in integrative neuroscienceScientific studyCognition, Executive function, fMRI, Frontal pole, Mind-body exerciseNot availableDOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00026
Yoga Therapy in the German Healthcare SystemCramer H2018International journal of yoga therapyScientific studyGerman Health insurance, Healthcare system, Yoga therapy
Not available DOI: 10.17761/2018-00006
Yoga Therapy and Polyvagal Theory: The Convergence of Traditional Wisdom and Contemporary Neuroscience for Self-Regulation and ResilienceSullivan MB, Erb M, Schmalzl L, Moonaz S, Noggle Taylor J2018Frontiers in human neuroscienceScientific studyYoga therapy, Polyvagal theory, Self-regulation, Resilience, Vagus nerve, Interoception, Stress response, Allostatic loadNot available DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00067
The Essential Properties of Yoga Questionnaire (EPYQ): Psychometric PropertiesPark CL, Elwy AR, Maiya M, Sarkin AJ, Riley KE, Eisen SV, Gutierrez I, Finkelstein-Fox L, Lee SY, Casteel D, Braun T, Groessl EJ2018International journal of yoga therapyScientific studyYoga, Interventions, Measurement, Mechanisms, MethodologyNot available DOI: 10.17761/2018-00016R2
Cost-effectiveness of yoga for managing musculoskeletal conditions in the workplace.Hartfiel N, Clarke G, Havenhand J, Phillips C, Edwards RT2017Occupational MedicineRandomized controlled trialYoga, Low back pain, Cost-effectiveness, Musculoskeletal conditions, Occupational health, Physical activity, Return-on-investment, Sickness absence, WorkplaceNot availableDOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx161
The effects of yoga among adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis Herpreet.Thind H, Lantini R, Balletto BL, Donahue ML, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Bock BC, Scott-Sheldon LAJ2017Preventive medicineSystematic review, Meta-analysisYoga, Type 2 DiabetesNot availableDOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.017
Adverse Drug reactions in an Ageing PopulaTion ( ADAPT ) study protocol: a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of hospital admissions related to adverse drug reactions in older patientsCahir C, Curran C, Byrne C, Walsh C, Hickey A, Williams DJ, Bennett K2017BMJ OpenScientific studyAdverse drug reaction (ADR), Health outcomes, Healthcare costs, Hospital, Medication adherence, Older populationsNot available DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017322
Yoga and Healthcare in the United KingdomMason H, Schnackenberg N, Monro R2017International journal of yoga therapyScientific studyNHS, Yoga therapy, NCDs, Cost-effectiveness, Low back pain, Healthcare, Integration, Complementary and alternative medicineNot available DOI: 10.17761/1531-2054-27.1.121
Results from a clinical yoga program for veterans: Yoga via telehealth provides comparable satisfaction and health improvements to in-person yogaSchulz-Heik RJ, Meyer H, Mahoney L, Stanton MV, Cho RH, Moore-Downing DP, Avery TJ, Lazzeroni LC, Varni JM, Collery LM, Bayley PJ2017BMC complementary and alternative medicineScientific studyYoga, Clinical-effectiveness, Feasibility, Telehealth
Not available DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1705-4
The importance of research literacy for yoga therapistsMoonaz S, Jeter P, Schmalzl L2017International journal of yoga therapyScientific studyEvidence-informed practice, Research Literacy, Yoga therapists, Yoga therapy, Client care, Collaborative careNot available DOI: 10.17761/1531-2054-27.1.131
Aligning yoga with its evolving role in health care: Comments on yoga practice, policy, researchPatwardhan AR2017Journal of primary care & community healthCommentaryYoga, Medicalized yoga, Public health, Yoga policy, Yoga research, Yoga therapyNot available DOI: 10.1177/2150131917690092
Yoga treatment for chronic non-specific low back painWieland LS, Skoetz N, Pilkington K, Vempati R, D'Adamo CR, Berman BM2017Cochrane database of systematic reviewsReviewYoga, Chronic pain, Low back pain, Quality of life, Randomized controlled trial, Treatement outcomesNot available DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010671.pub2
Yoga, Physical Therapy, or Education for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Noninferiority TrialSaper RB, Lemaster C, Delitto A, Sherman KJ, Herman PM, Sadikova E, Stevans J, Keosaian JE, Cerrada CJ, Femia AL, Roseen EJ, Gardiner P, Gergen Barnett K, Faulkner C, Weinberg J2017Annals of internal medicineRandomized controlled trialYoga, Chronic pain, Low back pain, Physical therapy, Clinical Effectiveness, Community health centresNot available DOI: 10.7326/M16-2579
Noninvasive Treatments for Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of PhysiciansQaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, Forciea MA2017Annals of internal medicinePractice guidelineYoga, Low back pain, Chronic pain, Mind-body therapyNot available DOI: 10.7326/M16-2367
Yoga - a laborious way to well-being: patients' experiences of yoga as a treatment for hypertension in primary careWolff M, Brorsson A, Midlšv P, Sundquist K, Strandberg EL2017Scandinavian journal of primary health careScientific studyYoga, Complementary and alternative medicine, Anxiety, Depression, Hypertension, Primary care, Quality of life, StressNot available DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2017.1397318
Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in prevention of depressive relapse an individual patient data meta-analysis from randomized trials.Kuyken W, Warren FC, Taylor RS, Whalley B, Crane C, Bondolfi G, Hayes R, Huijbers M, Ma H, Schweizer S, Segal Z, Speckens A, Teasdale JD, Van Heeringen K, Williams M, Byford S, Byng R, Dalgleish T2016JAMA PsychiatryMeta-analysis, Randomized trialsDepression, MBCT, MindfulnessNot availableDOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0076
Yoga for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials.Innes KE, Selfe TK2016Journal of diabetes researchSystematic review, Controlled trialsYoga, Type 2 DiabetesNot availableDOI: 10.1155/2016/6979370
Incorporating Yoga Therapy into Primary Care: The Casey Health Institute.Ross A, Williams L, Pappas-Sandonas M, Touchton-Leonard K, Fogel D2015International journal of yoga therapyScientific studyYoga, Complementary and alternative medicine, Yoga therapy, Primary care, Cost-effectiveness, Clinical-effectivenessNot availableDOI: 10.17761/1531-2054-25.1.43
Relaxation response and resiliency training and its effect on healthcare resource utilization.Stahl JE, Dossett ML, LaJoie AS, Denninger JW, Mehta DH, Goldman R, Fricchione GL, Benson H2015PLoS OneRetrospective controlled cohort observational studyMind-body exercise, Stress, HealthcareNot availableDOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140212
Yoga as a Therapeutic Intervention: A Bibliometric Analysis of Published Research Studies from 1967 to 2013Jeter PE, Slutsky J, Singh N, Khalsa SB2015Journal of alternative and complementary medicineBibliometric analysisYoga, Yoga therapyNot available DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0057
Effects of yoga on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cramer H, Lauche R, Haller H, Steckhan N, Michalsen A, Dobos G2014International journal of cardiologySystematic review, Meta-analysisYoga, Cardiovascular diseases, Hypertension, Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 DiabetesNot availableDOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.017
Effects of Lifestyle Modification Programs on Cardiac Risk Factors.Razavi M, Fournier S, Shepard DS, Ritter G, Strickler GK2014PLoS OneReportCardiovascular diseases, Cholesterol, Blood pressure, LifestyleNot availableDOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114772"
An Observational Study of the Health Benefits of Yoga or Tai Chi compared to Aerobic Exercise in Community-Dwelling Middle- Aged and Older Adults.Siddarth D, Siddarth P, Lavretsky H2014Am J Geriatr PsychiatryObservational studyYoga, Tai Chi, Aerobic exerciseNot availableDOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.065
The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system.Porges SW2009Cleveland Clinic journal of medicineScientific studyPolyvagal theoryNot availableDOI: 10.3949/ccjm.76.s2.17
Yoga for chronic low back pain in a predominantly minority population: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Saper RB, Sherman KJ, Cullum-Dugan D, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Culpepper L2009Alternative therapies in health and medicineRandomized controlled trialYoga, Chronic pain, Low back pain, Minority populationNot availablePMID: 19943573